The "cockroach theory" in finance suggests that a single visible failure often signals deeper, hidden problems among other players in a sector. Originally applied to corporate scandals around earnings and accounting, the concept also applies to AI companies and crypto projects that depend on trust, access to capital, and the regulator’s stance.

The theory can reshape entire markets: in 2001, the collapse of Enron exposed weaknesses in corporate reporting more broadly; regulators found similar misconduct at other firms, trust in the sector weakened, and capital fled fragile organizations. Crypto markets are now under similar pressure. High‑profile cases involving Changpeng Zhao and Sam Bankman‑Fried damaged confidence in centralized exchanges and raised concerns about compliance and risk management across the industry.

However, cryptocurrencies differ from traditional companies. Tokens cannot file for bankruptcy in the usual sense, and blockchains keep functioning until token values collapse entirely. Bad users can exit a network, but the network itself is able to operate. Cryptocurrencies are increasingly finding practical use in cross-border payments and as stores of value in unstable economies.

The AI sector, which saw explosive growth over the past two years, is also undergoing a correction. Several well-known investors have reduced holdings in major high-tech stocks. Peter Thiel has completely sold his NVIDIA stake and much of his Tesla shares, which may signal a reassessment of risk in the segment.